Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital

Pingtung Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital

Precautions for Patients with Head Injury

Although patients with head injuries may not show obvious severe brain injury symptoms, neurological symptoms or intracranial bleeding may still occur within a few hours, several days, or even 1–2 months after the injury.

The first 72 hours after injury are the most critical observation period. Within the first 24 hours after injury, patients may experience drowsiness and dizziness. The patient should be awakened every hour and engaged in conversation to assess their level of consciousness.

Within 24 hours after injury, mild nausea and vomiting may occur. It is best to avoid eating initially. If the patient is fully conscious and has no nausea, small amounts of soup or liquid food may be given first.

Headache is common after head injury. Medications prescribed by the physician should be taken as directed. Do not take sedatives or anesthetic drugs on your own, as they may mask worsening symptoms.

If any of the following symptoms occur, seek medical attention immediately:

1. Lethargy or inability to awaken.
2. Severe headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fever, or twitching of hands, feet, or corners of the mouth.
3. Weakness, paralysis, numbness, or reduced sensation on one side of the body; difficulty moving or walking.
4. Blurred vision, double vision (seeing two images), or abnormal eye movements.
5. Restlessness or abnormal behavior.
6. Discharge of clear fluid or blood from the ear canal or nostrils.
7. Rapid or irregular breathing.Post-Discharge Instructions:
   1. Avoid spicy, irritating foods, tea, alcohol, etc. for 2–3 months after injury.
   2. Rest in bed and avoid noisy environments; try not to read, read newspapers, watch TV, or use electronic devices (3C products).
   3. Keep bowel movements smooth; avoid straining to prevent increased intracranial pressure.
   4. Maintain adequate hydration; about 80% of usual daily intake is sufficient.
   5. Do not take strong painkillers or sleeping sedatives unless approved by a physician.
   6. If clear fluid or blood flows from the ears or nose, do not blow the nose forcefully or insert cotton swabs into the ears; return to the hospital for examination immediately.
   7. Attend regular follow-up outpatient visits.